About Ephedrine Hydrochlorid

Ephedrine hydrochlorid is a white needle crystal or crystalline powder, is ephedrine hydrochloride. Significantly increased after taking ephedrine excitement level athletes, the athletes I have great effects. Therefore, these drugs are strictly prohibited by the IOC doping. Meanwhile, ephedrine hydrochloride is also an important raw material for the manufacture of methamphetamine, has been incorporated into precursor chemicals management. Because illegal trading, hedging compound preparation containing ephedrine class manufacturing narcotics have occurred, now containing ephedrine hydrochloride pharmaceutical preparations, has selective agonist for the β replaced.

Application:

Clinical application:
Ephedrine hydrochlorid as adrenergic drugs, can be excited sympathetic, can be used for bronchial asthma, whooping cough, hay fever and other allergic diseases, but also against spinal anesthesia caused by reduced blood pressure, dilate the pupils, but also for myasthenia gravis, dysmenorrhea and other diseases, but also for the central nervous system stimulants.
Clinical with its treatment of bronchial asthma and various causes of hypotension, especially subarachnoid anesthesia and epidural anesthesia induced hypotension. Also used to eliminate intranasal mucosal congestion. Mouse oral LD ​​↓ 50 to 400mg/kg.
Illegal Applications:
It is a synthetic amphetamine-type drugs is the main raw material for production of methamphetamine. Since most cold medications containing ephedrine ingredients that may be purchased for the extraction of a large number of criminals manufacture of drugs. The drugstore containing ephedrine new Contac, white with black, day and night one hundred enjoin dozens of common cold, cough and asthma drugs limited sales, purchases per person may not more than five minimum retail packaging.

Pharmacological effects:

The role of the nervous system:
Central nervous system stimulant ephedrine was stronger than adrenaline. Excitatory cortical and subcortical center, making spirits; barbiturate hypnotic time can be shortened, also excited midbrain, medullary respiratory center and vasomotor center.
The role of the cardiovascular system:
(A) The role of the heart: the heart stimulant ephedrine. Ephedrine myocardial contractility, cardiac output increases.
(2) the blood vessels: ephedrine coronary artery, brain, muscle vasodilation, increased traffic; the kidney, spleen and other organs and skin, mucosal vasoconstriction, blood flow is reduced.
(3) effect on blood pressure: systolic and diastolic blood pressure often caused by ephedrine increased pulse pressure. Pressor effect of its slow and long lasting.
Effect on smooth muscle:
(A) the impact of ephedrine on bronchial smooth muscle relaxant effect on bronchial smooth muscle weaker than adrenaline and lasting.
(2) the deltoid muscle of the bladder and the sphincter of the bladder ephedrine can increase the tension of the deltoid muscle and sphincter. Can reduce the frequency of urination, urinary retention generated a sufficient amount, effective for children with enuresis.
Effect on metabolism:
Ephedrine increase metabolism. Antipyretic, antiviral ephedrine can induce sweating.
Other effects:
Ephedrine on skeletal muscle has anti-fatigue effect, can promote curare inhibited neuromuscular transmission, can be used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Ephedrine also increase blood sugar, shrink the spleen, increased red blood cell and so on. Ephedrine on gastrointestinal secretion typically exhibit suppressed. Skeletal muscle fatigue can also make a significant and lasting tension to rise, as adrenergic drugs, both α and β receptor stimulant effect similar to adrenaline, but milder. There relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, contraction of blood vessels, and other central excitatory effect. The product of the pressor effect is weak, but more lasting vasoconstriction, but no post-dilatation.

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From:Advanced Chemicals

About Hydroxylimine Hydrochloride

Product Name: Hydroxylimine Hydrochloride

Specifications 99%

English: Hydroxylimine Hydrochloride

Chemical name: 1-2 hydroxy ring e - - - - the attendance of amino acerbic ketone had armour

Formula: C13H16CLNOHCL

Weight: 274.18618

HP: fractional acid

Purity: 99

C.A.S: 90717-16-1

Melting point: 175-185

Appearance: ivory or white powder

Pharmaceutical intermediates

Product name: hydrochloric acerbic (English name: and Hydroxylimine Hcl in actinic name: 1-2 hydroxy ring e - - - - the attendance of amino acerbic had a C13H16CLNOHCL atomic formula: rosiglitazone

Quantity: 274.18618 HP value: fractional acerbic purity: C.A.S 99% 90717:16-1 - point: 175-185 categories: ma.. Drunk biologic chic appearance: coffee crumb and ivory crumb bag

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From:Advanced Chemicals

What is artemisinin?

Artemisinin is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine artemisinin peroxide groups have sesquiterpene lactone drugs. Its murine plasmodia of ultrastructure, mainly Plasmodium membrane system changes, the drug acts on the first food vacuole membrane, surface membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, in addition to the nuclear chromatin has some effects. Tip artemisinin main mode of action is an interference surface membrane - mitochondrial function. Artemisinin may act on the food vacuole membrane, thereby blocking the nutritional intake of the earliest stages of the parasite occurs faster amino acid starvation, the rapid formation of autophagic vacuoles, and continue to discharge the parasite, but the parasite cytoplasm and a significant loss of deaths. Plasmodium falciparum in vitro tritiated intake isoleucine also shows its mode of action may be inhibition of the initial parasite protein synthesis.


Introduction:

Artemisinin Common name: Artemisinin
Name: Artemisinin
Chinese alias: Artemisia annua vegetarian, yellow pigment, yellow Artemisinin
English Synonyms: Arteannuin, Artemisinine, Qinghaosu
MF: C15H22O5
Molecular Weight: 282.33
Colorless needle crystal, bitter taste.
In acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid soluble in ethanol and methanol, ether and petroleum
Soluble in ether, almost insoluble in water.
Melting point :156-157 ℃ (decoction decomposition)
MDL number: MFCD00081057

Pharmacokinetics:
Artemisinin rapidly absorbed from the gut after oral administration of 0.5 to 1 hour after the peak plasma concentration, decreased by half after 4 hours, 72 hours only a trace of blood. It is within the red blood cell concentration is less than plasma concentrations. After absorption of the tissue to the intestine, liver, kidney more content. The product is a fat-soluble substance, it can be through the blood-brain barrier into the brain tissue. Rapidly metabolized in the body, the structure and properties of metabolites is unclear. Mainly from the kidney and intestinal tract, 24 hours can be discharged 84%, only a small amount of residual 72 hours. Since metabolism and excretion are fast, effective blood concentration to maintain a short time, is not conducive to completely kill the parasite, so the high recurrence rate. Artemisinin derivative artesunate, T1 / 2 was 0.5 hours, it should be repeated administration.

Indications:
Mainly for vivax malaria, falciparum malaria symptom control, as well as chloroquine-resistant strains of insects of treatment, can also be used to treat dangerous type of falciparum malaria, such as cerebral, jaundice type. Also for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus.
Chemical structure
Artemisinin formula C15H22O5, molecular weight 282.33, component content: C 63.81%, H 7.85%, O 28.33%.

Properties:
Colorless needle crystal, bitter taste. In acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid soluble in ethanol and methanol, ether and petroleum ether soluble, almost insoluble in water. Melting point :156-157 ℃

Study of history:

Chinese antimalarial drug research from 1967 established five hundred twenty-three project, its wholly-known Chinese malaria research collaboration project, founded in 1967, May 23, due to top-secret military project, then set code 523.
After 380 times murine malaria screening, in October 1971 to obtain the medicine artemisinin screening success. 1972 was isolated from Artemisia annua effective antimalarial monomer named artemisinin malaria rat, monkey malaria parasite inhibition rate reached 100%.
1973 made by clinical and laboratory research consistent results, antimalarial drug artemisinin was born.
October 1981, held in Beijing organized by the World Health Organization, "artemisinin" international conference, China "artemisinin chemical research," the statement, causing great interest representatives, and that "this new found to be more important is that the design and synthesis of new drugs will be further pointed out the direction. "
In 1986, a new class of drug artemisinin obtain certificates Dihydroartemisinin also received a new drug certificate. These results were obtained the National Invention Award and the National Top Ten Technology Achievement Award.
September 2011, China Tu Yo Yo female pharmacists create new antimalarial --- due to artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin award of the Nobel Prize known as the "wind vane" of the Lasker Award. This is China's biomedical community so far received the most advanced world-class awards.

Main sources:

Is the main source of artemisinin from Artemisia annua directly extracted; or extract of Artemisia annua with higher levels of acid, and then semi-synthesized.
 
At present, except outside Artemisia annua, artemisinin has not been found to contain other natural plant resources. While speaking world annua widespread species, but artemisinin content vary greatly with different origin. According to the findings so far, except for China Eastern Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, parts, but most areas of the world in the production of Artemisia annua artemisinin content is very low, no value in use. According to the national authorities investigate, on a global scale, only China Youyang Wu Mu Mountains region that has the industrial growth of artemisinin extract value. Youyang Artemisia annua is the world's most important production base, its production of Artemisia annua cultivation technology has passed the national GAP certification, enjoy the "World annua town" reputation, with 80 percent of global raw material produced from Artemisia annua youyang. Drugs of this unique resource, the relevant state ministries and commissions since the 1980s the explicit provision of artemisinin original plant (Artemisia annua), seeds, fresh and dried whole herb and artemisinin prohibited export bulk drugs.

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From:Advanced Chemicals

What is Nimetazepam?

Nimetazepam
A sleep (also known as red beans) is a benzodiazepine class of sleeping pills, absorbing complete in about 15-30 minutes that would occur efficacy. Drugs commonly used to relieve excitatory (amphetamine, K his life) of excitement, anxiety side effects (Xie high). Will quickly get after taking sedative, hypnotic effect.


Long-term use, as long as more than four weeks or more which produce drug dependence and its long-term users to memory, attention, etc., causing disorder, if in combination with other drugs, such as alcohol or drugs such as ecstasy, will mental damage. Long-term use will produce drug resistance, dependence and drowsiness, gait disturbance, difficulty concentrating, memory loss and other symptoms and judgment, sudden withdrawal will produce withdrawal symptoms, those who simply just excessive use, mostly showing muscle over-relaxation and deep sleep, resulting in fewer deaths, except when with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants and use, the risk of greatly improved, many abusers trance caused due to an accident or due to inhalation of vomit and death.

In simple terms, "a sleep" was shaking his head clan brought "Xie High" emotional respite agent, according to the Taipei City police investigation, the drugs would mislead young people head to articles circulating on the Internet, take "a sleep" with the same hypnotic agent "Zuopei sleep", "barbiturate" or cough suppressants like codeine syrup and use of controlled substances, claiming in addition that can help slow the excitement, even when the police rummage urine collection, avoid being checked out drug abuse.

Police connoisseur who pointed out that the chemical structure is different for each drug, abusers can be detected in the urine of the corresponding physiological metabolite, will not produce mutual shadowing case, and all drugs have toxic, mixed together to eat, make aggravate side effects, that is, in a foreign country who did not become aware of physical abuse warning, causing sudden death an accident.
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From: Advanced Chemicals

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride uses

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride is a white clear or apparent powder, odorless, acrid in acid, baffling in water, acrid in booze and ether. The protein-containing actuality (silk, casein, and corn) extracting hydrolyzate; with glucose as raw material, starting Brevibacterium induced l-tyrosine-producing bacilli acquired fermentation; phenol, pyruvic acid, ammonia raw materials, the use of β-tyrosinase enzymatic preparation. Specific rotation: l-Body: -10.6 ° (c = 4.1mol/LHCl, 25 ℃); d-body: 10.3 ℃ (c = 4.1mol/LHCl). And sugars can be generated by heating the acknowledgment amid amino carbonyl group, to aftermath a accurate flavor. Essential amino acids. Tyrosine is a action of tyrosinase monophenolase catalytic substrate is ultimately the accumulation of melanin able and pheomelanin the capital raw material. Whitening cosmetics in the development, through assay amalgam and tyrosinase tyrosine analogs attempt can be finer suppressed the accumulation of melanin. Vitiligo patients to eat foods absolute tyrosine can advance the accumulation of melanin, abate the affection of vitiligo. Medicine for hyperthyroidism; aliment additives. Is an important biochemical reagents, constructed peptide hormones, antibiotics, L-dopa and added drugs, the capital raw material. Widely acclimated in agronomics research, but aswell for the alertness of bogus additives and beverages insects feed. Tyrosine dosage is about about 1-2 grams per day. As an antidepressant, demography 500 to 1000 mg per day, two to three times. Because tyrosine activate and antidepressant aftereffect in the morning and afore cafeteria with demography 1000-1500 mg of tryptophan (Trp calming) again allay abasement in the atramentous it will accept a acceptable ameliorative effect.

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride for biochemical research. Determination of amino acerbic nitrogen in a standard. Alertness of tissue adeptness medium. Using Millon acknowledgment (protein blush reaction) for colorimetric quantitative analysis. Infusion of amino acids and amino acids circuitous alertness of raw materials, as a comestible supplement. Treatment of nuclear polio and encephalitis, hyperthyroidism embolism. Is acclimated for accomplishment diiodo tyrosine, dibromo-L-tyrosine and dopa material. White derma is not white, depending on the adeptness of melanoma beef to amalgamate melanin. In beastly primary beef of the epidermis, the administration of melanoma cells, which accommodate the agitator tyrosine tyrosine can be breakable polysaccharide, in the average and again through a alternation of metabolic processes, and assuredly allows for the conception of melanin. Much melanin, the derma added black; contrary, the derma added white. Studies accept apparent that the action of tyrosinase and the physique of copper, iron, zinc and added elements are carefully related. Often bistro foods affluent tyrosine and attenuate elements zinc, copper, adamant materials, such as beastly offal, kidney, crustaceans, clams, crabs, river snails, oysters, mullet fish, beans, soybeans, lentils, peas, beans, basics like peanuts, walnuts, atramentous sesame seeds and raisins, etc., on darker derma color. Therefore, humans who reside in the sea, fishing fishermen, due to eat added angle more, so derma blush than black. Take the artefact of about 0.15g, accurately weighed, attenuated in 6ml of anhydrous formic acid, arctic acerb acerbic 50ml, according to potentiometric titration (Appendix Ⅶ A), titration with perchloric acerbic band-aid (0.1mol / L) titration, and titration with bare analysis correction. Each 1ml perchloric acerbic titration band-aid (0.1mol / L) is agnate to 18.12mg of C9H11NO3.

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