What is artemisinin?

Artemisinin is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine artemisinin peroxide groups have sesquiterpene lactone drugs. Its murine plasmodia of ultrastructure, mainly Plasmodium membrane system changes, the drug acts on the first food vacuole membrane, surface membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, in addition to the nuclear chromatin has some effects. Tip artemisinin main mode of action is an interference surface membrane - mitochondrial function. Artemisinin may act on the food vacuole membrane, thereby blocking the nutritional intake of the earliest stages of the parasite occurs faster amino acid starvation, the rapid formation of autophagic vacuoles, and continue to discharge the parasite, but the parasite cytoplasm and a significant loss of deaths. Plasmodium falciparum in vitro tritiated intake isoleucine also shows its mode of action may be inhibition of the initial parasite protein synthesis.


Introduction:

Artemisinin Common name: Artemisinin
Name: Artemisinin
Chinese alias: Artemisia annua vegetarian, yellow pigment, yellow Artemisinin
English Synonyms: Arteannuin, Artemisinine, Qinghaosu
MF: C15H22O5
Molecular Weight: 282.33
Colorless needle crystal, bitter taste.
In acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid soluble in ethanol and methanol, ether and petroleum
Soluble in ether, almost insoluble in water.
Melting point :156-157 ℃ (decoction decomposition)
MDL number: MFCD00081057

Pharmacokinetics:
Artemisinin rapidly absorbed from the gut after oral administration of 0.5 to 1 hour after the peak plasma concentration, decreased by half after 4 hours, 72 hours only a trace of blood. It is within the red blood cell concentration is less than plasma concentrations. After absorption of the tissue to the intestine, liver, kidney more content. The product is a fat-soluble substance, it can be through the blood-brain barrier into the brain tissue. Rapidly metabolized in the body, the structure and properties of metabolites is unclear. Mainly from the kidney and intestinal tract, 24 hours can be discharged 84%, only a small amount of residual 72 hours. Since metabolism and excretion are fast, effective blood concentration to maintain a short time, is not conducive to completely kill the parasite, so the high recurrence rate. Artemisinin derivative artesunate, T1 / 2 was 0.5 hours, it should be repeated administration.

Indications:
Mainly for vivax malaria, falciparum malaria symptom control, as well as chloroquine-resistant strains of insects of treatment, can also be used to treat dangerous type of falciparum malaria, such as cerebral, jaundice type. Also for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus.
Chemical structure
Artemisinin formula C15H22O5, molecular weight 282.33, component content: C 63.81%, H 7.85%, O 28.33%.

Properties:
Colorless needle crystal, bitter taste. In acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, and acetic acid soluble in ethanol and methanol, ether and petroleum ether soluble, almost insoluble in water. Melting point :156-157 ℃

Study of history:

Chinese antimalarial drug research from 1967 established five hundred twenty-three project, its wholly-known Chinese malaria research collaboration project, founded in 1967, May 23, due to top-secret military project, then set code 523.
After 380 times murine malaria screening, in October 1971 to obtain the medicine artemisinin screening success. 1972 was isolated from Artemisia annua effective antimalarial monomer named artemisinin malaria rat, monkey malaria parasite inhibition rate reached 100%.
1973 made by clinical and laboratory research consistent results, antimalarial drug artemisinin was born.
October 1981, held in Beijing organized by the World Health Organization, "artemisinin" international conference, China "artemisinin chemical research," the statement, causing great interest representatives, and that "this new found to be more important is that the design and synthesis of new drugs will be further pointed out the direction. "
In 1986, a new class of drug artemisinin obtain certificates Dihydroartemisinin also received a new drug certificate. These results were obtained the National Invention Award and the National Top Ten Technology Achievement Award.
September 2011, China Tu Yo Yo female pharmacists create new antimalarial --- due to artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin award of the Nobel Prize known as the "wind vane" of the Lasker Award. This is China's biomedical community so far received the most advanced world-class awards.

Main sources:

Is the main source of artemisinin from Artemisia annua directly extracted; or extract of Artemisia annua with higher levels of acid, and then semi-synthesized.
 
At present, except outside Artemisia annua, artemisinin has not been found to contain other natural plant resources. While speaking world annua widespread species, but artemisinin content vary greatly with different origin. According to the findings so far, except for China Eastern Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, parts, but most areas of the world in the production of Artemisia annua artemisinin content is very low, no value in use. According to the national authorities investigate, on a global scale, only China Youyang Wu Mu Mountains region that has the industrial growth of artemisinin extract value. Youyang Artemisia annua is the world's most important production base, its production of Artemisia annua cultivation technology has passed the national GAP certification, enjoy the "World annua town" reputation, with 80 percent of global raw material produced from Artemisia annua youyang. Drugs of this unique resource, the relevant state ministries and commissions since the 1980s the explicit provision of artemisinin original plant (Artemisia annua), seeds, fresh and dried whole herb and artemisinin prohibited export bulk drugs.

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From:Advanced Chemicals

What is Nimetazepam?

Nimetazepam
A sleep (also known as red beans) is a benzodiazepine class of sleeping pills, absorbing complete in about 15-30 minutes that would occur efficacy. Drugs commonly used to relieve excitatory (amphetamine, K his life) of excitement, anxiety side effects (Xie high). Will quickly get after taking sedative, hypnotic effect.


Long-term use, as long as more than four weeks or more which produce drug dependence and its long-term users to memory, attention, etc., causing disorder, if in combination with other drugs, such as alcohol or drugs such as ecstasy, will mental damage. Long-term use will produce drug resistance, dependence and drowsiness, gait disturbance, difficulty concentrating, memory loss and other symptoms and judgment, sudden withdrawal will produce withdrawal symptoms, those who simply just excessive use, mostly showing muscle over-relaxation and deep sleep, resulting in fewer deaths, except when with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants and use, the risk of greatly improved, many abusers trance caused due to an accident or due to inhalation of vomit and death.

In simple terms, "a sleep" was shaking his head clan brought "Xie High" emotional respite agent, according to the Taipei City police investigation, the drugs would mislead young people head to articles circulating on the Internet, take "a sleep" with the same hypnotic agent "Zuopei sleep", "barbiturate" or cough suppressants like codeine syrup and use of controlled substances, claiming in addition that can help slow the excitement, even when the police rummage urine collection, avoid being checked out drug abuse.

Police connoisseur who pointed out that the chemical structure is different for each drug, abusers can be detected in the urine of the corresponding physiological metabolite, will not produce mutual shadowing case, and all drugs have toxic, mixed together to eat, make aggravate side effects, that is, in a foreign country who did not become aware of physical abuse warning, causing sudden death an accident.
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From: Advanced Chemicals

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride uses

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride is a white clear or apparent powder, odorless, acrid in acid, baffling in water, acrid in booze and ether. The protein-containing actuality (silk, casein, and corn) extracting hydrolyzate; with glucose as raw material, starting Brevibacterium induced l-tyrosine-producing bacilli acquired fermentation; phenol, pyruvic acid, ammonia raw materials, the use of β-tyrosinase enzymatic preparation. Specific rotation: l-Body: -10.6 ° (c = 4.1mol/LHCl, 25 ℃); d-body: 10.3 ℃ (c = 4.1mol/LHCl). And sugars can be generated by heating the acknowledgment amid amino carbonyl group, to aftermath a accurate flavor. Essential amino acids. Tyrosine is a action of tyrosinase monophenolase catalytic substrate is ultimately the accumulation of melanin able and pheomelanin the capital raw material. Whitening cosmetics in the development, through assay amalgam and tyrosinase tyrosine analogs attempt can be finer suppressed the accumulation of melanin. Vitiligo patients to eat foods absolute tyrosine can advance the accumulation of melanin, abate the affection of vitiligo. Medicine for hyperthyroidism; aliment additives. Is an important biochemical reagents, constructed peptide hormones, antibiotics, L-dopa and added drugs, the capital raw material. Widely acclimated in agronomics research, but aswell for the alertness of bogus additives and beverages insects feed. Tyrosine dosage is about about 1-2 grams per day. As an antidepressant, demography 500 to 1000 mg per day, two to three times. Because tyrosine activate and antidepressant aftereffect in the morning and afore cafeteria with demography 1000-1500 mg of tryptophan (Trp calming) again allay abasement in the atramentous it will accept a acceptable ameliorative effect.

L-Tyrosine methylester hydrochloride for biochemical research. Determination of amino acerbic nitrogen in a standard. Alertness of tissue adeptness medium. Using Millon acknowledgment (protein blush reaction) for colorimetric quantitative analysis. Infusion of amino acids and amino acids circuitous alertness of raw materials, as a comestible supplement. Treatment of nuclear polio and encephalitis, hyperthyroidism embolism. Is acclimated for accomplishment diiodo tyrosine, dibromo-L-tyrosine and dopa material. White derma is not white, depending on the adeptness of melanoma beef to amalgamate melanin. In beastly primary beef of the epidermis, the administration of melanoma cells, which accommodate the agitator tyrosine tyrosine can be breakable polysaccharide, in the average and again through a alternation of metabolic processes, and assuredly allows for the conception of melanin. Much melanin, the derma added black; contrary, the derma added white. Studies accept apparent that the action of tyrosinase and the physique of copper, iron, zinc and added elements are carefully related. Often bistro foods affluent tyrosine and attenuate elements zinc, copper, adamant materials, such as beastly offal, kidney, crustaceans, clams, crabs, river snails, oysters, mullet fish, beans, soybeans, lentils, peas, beans, basics like peanuts, walnuts, atramentous sesame seeds and raisins, etc., on darker derma color. Therefore, humans who reside in the sea, fishing fishermen, due to eat added angle more, so derma blush than black. Take the artefact of about 0.15g, accurately weighed, attenuated in 6ml of anhydrous formic acid, arctic acerb acerbic 50ml, according to potentiometric titration (Appendix Ⅶ A), titration with perchloric acerbic band-aid (0.1mol / L) titration, and titration with bare analysis correction. Each 1ml perchloric acerbic titration band-aid (0.1mol / L) is agnate to 18.12mg of C9H11NO3.

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Use of DL-alanine methylester hydrochloride

DL-alanine methylester hydrochloride aggregate the basal assemblage of protein is a animal protein consisting of 21 amino acids. Its atomic blueprint is C3H7O2N, with α-alanine and β-alanine Two of isomers. Alanine is the basal assemblage of the architecture blocks of proteins, and is one of the 21 amino acids accomplish up the animal protein. The amino acerbic agreement of the protein atom are all L-amino acids. Due to their pH in the aforementioned environment, the altered types of amino acids answerable state, i.e., they accept altered isoelectric point (PI), which is afar by electrophoresis and chromatographic attempt of amino acids. There are α-alanine and β-alanine, alanine Two of isomers. α-alanine aswell accepted as 2 - amino acid. Sublimation aloft 200 ℃, with the altered heating bulk of about 264 ~ 296 ℃ amid decomposition. Is composed of a basic of the protein. In the case of animal diet in the non-essential amino acids. At present, abounding accustomed articles from beverage and extraction. aswell accepted as β-alanine 3 - amino acid, as achromatic crystals. Melting point 198 ℃ (decomposition), acrid in water, hardly acrid in ethanol, baffling in ether. For the amalgam of pantothenic acerbic and electroplating, are acclimated in microbiology and biochemistry research, by silk, gelatin, anatomize proteins such as zein refined, can aswell be chemically synthesized. Mainly acclimated in the aliment processing industry as a comestible supplement, additive purposes. Second, for the biologic industry. Has a acceptable flavor, can enhance the aftereffect of actinic condiment sauces; has a adapted sweetness, can advance flavor, bogus sweeteners; advance the acidity of an amoebic acerbic to advance the acidity of vinegar; accepting acidity, the alkali appetizing fast, advance pickled pickles, pickles effect, can abbreviate abating time, advance the flavor.

DL-alanine methylester hydrochloride for amalgam of acerb wine and bendable drinks antidotal agents, buffers, to anticipate bubbles wine aging, abate aggrandize smell; has antioxidant action in a array of aliment processing: such as oils, mayonnaise, bad able foods, soy dipping foods, rice bran pickled foods, etc., can be acclimated both to anticipate oxidation, but aswell advance its flavor; raw abstracts acclimated to accomplish vitamin B6, medical microbiology and biochemistry with amino acerbic metabolism. DL-alanine or amalgam of some important pesticides and biologic intermediates, medical microbiology and biochemistry of amino acerbic metabolism medication. Acclimated as a aliment additive agent, comestible supplements of vitamins B6 intermediates, augment additives, etc., can aswell be biochemical reagents. Determination: To about 80mg, attention weighing, anhydrous formic acerbic 2ml dissolved, add arctic acerb acerbic 30ml, according to potentiometric titration (Appendix Ⅶ A), titration with perchloric acerbic band-aid (0.1mol / L) titration, and titration abstracts with bare correction. Each 1ml perchloric acerbic titration band-aid (0.1mol / L) is agnate to 8.909mg of C3H7NO2. Preparation: anhydrous acerb acerbic (water agreeable calculation, per 1g of baptize additional acerb anhydride 5.22mL) 750mL, abacus perchloric acerbic (70 ~ 72%) 8.5mL, shake, let cool, add the adapted bulk of anhydrous acerb acerbic into 1000mL, agitate for 24 hours. Abstinent by the analysis simple to acetylation appropriate assurance of damp agreeable abstinent by the aqueous baptize content, baptize and acerb anhydride adapted to the aqueous baptize agreeable of 0.01% to 0.2%. Calibration: in 105 ℃ dehydration to connected weight base of potassium hydrogen phthalate about 0.16g, accurately weighed, add 20mL of anhydrous acerb acerbic to dissolve, add 1 bead of clear violet indicator solution, with the aqueous boring titrated to dejected and titration with bare correction.

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The nature of the FMOC-glycine

FMOC-Glycine is a alternation of amino acids in the a lot of simple anatomy of the animal physique non-essential amino acids, accepting an acerb and a basal anatomic accumulation in the molecule, is a able electrolyte in the aqueous solution, greater solubility in the acerb arctic solvents, essentially baffling in non-polar solvents, but aswell has a college baking and melting points, glycine assuming the altered appearance of the atom through the aqueous band-aid pH adjustment. White monoclinic arrangement or hexagonal crystals or white apparent powder. Odorless, appropriate sweetness. The about physique of 1.1607. M.p. 248 ° C (decomp.). pK'1 (COOH) to 2.34, pK'2 (N H3) 9.60. Acrid in water, solubility in water: 25 ° C if 25g/100ml; 50 ° C 39.1g/100ml and; if 54.4g/100ml; 100 ° C 75 ° C if 67.2g/100ml. Extremely difficult to deliquesce in ethanol, about abandoning 0.06 g booze 100g. Almost baffling in acetone and ether. Reaction with hydrochloric acerbic to accomplish the hydrochloride salt. For complexometric titration indicator chromatography reagents; buffers; accepted for colorimetric assurance of amino acids. Inspection copper, gold and silver. Preparation of tissue ability medium. Acclimated as a biochemical reagents and solvents in amoebic amalgam and biochemistry. Molecular analysis brand absorber component, end-labeled brake bits acclimated in the accompanying Kinase reaction; Tris - glycine absorber basic for SDS - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of in vitro adaptation artefact applications. Glycine is a arctic atom (all amino acids are polarity) from the all-embracing point of view, but it belongs to the non-polar amino acid. This is because Analyzing the polarity of an amino acerbic based on the attributes of the R group, rather than the absolute molecule. Glycine angled one hydrogen atom it classified as a hydrocarbon chain, is a non-polar. Similar, although acrid in water, but in the case of berserk amino acids.

FMOC-glycine has a different candied taste, affluence acid, acrid aftertaste affectation the absinthian aftertaste of aspartame in aliment and enhance the sweetness. Animal assimilation of the glycine excessive, not abandoned can not be captivated by the body, and the physique will breach the antithesis of assimilation of amino acids affect the assimilation of added amino acids, arch to comestible alterity affect health. Glycine as the capital raw actual for the assembly of milk drinks, are acceptable to abnormally affect the accustomed advance and development of adolescent humans and children. In the axial afraid system, abnormally in the spine, glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. If the glycine receptor is activated, a chlorine ion by ion acceptor into the assumption beef causes inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The brucine ion receptor antagonist. LD50 in mice ambition of 0.96 mg / kg physique weight, the could cause of afterlife was cool excited. Glycine and glutamate in the axial afraid arrangement with agonists. The appurtenances in the fertilizer industry for carbon dioxide abatement solvent. In the biologic industry, can be acclimated as the amino acerbic preparations, chlortetracycline and as a absorber constructed raw actual for anti-Parkinson's ache biologic L-dopa, ethyl imidazole intermediates, which itself is a affectionate of accessory analysis drugs to amusement acoustic acerbic is aswell able to arrest belly abscess acid. Industry as constructed wine, brewing products, meat processing and auspicious alcohol recipe, and aspartame to the accumulation abettor in the aliment industry as a aliment additive, glycine can be acclimated abandoned as a condiment, and sodium glutamate, DL-alanyl- acid, citric acid, acclimated in conjunction. In added industries, can be acclimated as a pH adjusting agent, added to the plating solution, or as a raw actual of addition amino acid. Acclimated as a biochemical reagents and solvents in amoebic amalgam and biochemistry.

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The role of the FMOC-D-proline

FMOC-D-proline is one of the apparatus of the bulb protein, and the chargeless accompaniment is broadly present in the bulb body. White clear or apparent crumb or achromatic all-overs absolute one baptize of crystallization. Slight odor, aftertaste sweet. The artefact is acrid in water, attenuated in ethanol, baffling in acetone and chloroform in ether or n-butanol is insoluble. Proline from the appearance of the anatomy of the accomplished atom is a arctic molecule, but are non-polar amino acid. This is because the amino acerbic polarity acumen according to the attributes of the ancillary alternation rather than the absolute amino acerbic molecules. The absoluteness abide abounding non-polar amino acerbic is a arctic atom such as this. The aboriginal proline oxidase anatomy a bifold bond, add baptize open-loop accession g glutamate semialdehyde, with the NAD blaze of glutamate. one alpha-imino acids (imino) absorbed to the alpha carbon atom. L admixture of the agreement of the gelatin, gluten (gliadin), zein, herring protamine, apricot agent protein, casein and added proteins, in accurate gelatin (about 20%). Is the alone alcohol-amino acids, acrid in water, indane trione acknowledgment to yellow, by coca blade abrasive soda (hygrine, an azole acquired alkaloid) oxide from the coca blade aqueous abrasive soda acerbic proline leucine methyl derivatives, alkali plants in the attendance of proline dimethyl dimethoxy-L-proline (betaine). Non-essential amino acid, is metabolized in vivo by glutamate. Proline anatomy of a by itself occurring, one of the capital basic of collagen. DL-type raw abstracts for gelatin can be acquired by the multi-step analysis of the hydrochloric acerbic hydrolysis of the artefact hydrochloride. Biochemical reagents for biochemical and comestible studies, microbiological testing, alertness of medium. L-type L-glutamic acerbic and booze esterification, abridgement in the system.

FMOC-D-proline is one of the apparatus of the bulb protein, and the chargeless accompaniment is broadly present in the bulb body. Accent altitude such as drought, salinity, bulb a ample amount of proline accumulation. As cytosolic osmolytes, proline accession is still abiding anatomy of biological macromolecules, decreased corpuscle acidic, the appropriation of ammonia contagion and adapt cellular redox abeyant as an activity library plays an important role. Plants proline agreeable added decidedly beneath accent altitude (drought, salinity, heat, cold, frozen). Proline agreeable in plants to some admeasurement reflects the attrition of plants, aridity aggressive varieties tend to accrue added proline. Therefore, assurance of proline agreeable can be acclimated as a physiological indicator of ancestry for aridity tolerance. In addition, back the proline awful hydrophilic, abiding protoplasts Colloids and metabolic processes aural the organization, and appropriately can abate the freezing point, to anticipate corpuscle dehydration. At low temperatures, bulb tissue proline access can advance bulb algid tolerance, therefore, can aswell be acclimated as a physiological indicator of algid breeding. According to a new abstraction of the University of Illinois, in apply protein Center, a simple amino acerbic repeat, authoritative teeth added able-bodied and added flexible. In amphibian and beastly models, the advisers compared proline repeats. They find, if abbreviate repeats, such as frog in the teeth will not accomplish the apply prism (enamel Prism), the adulthood of these structures on the teeth is actual important. Conversely, if the protein repeats longer, they will accumulate a alternation of molecules to advice the advance of apply crystals. The findings, appear in the online adaptation of the PLoS Analysis on December 21, 2009. Said the being in allegation of this abstraction analysis assistant Tom Diekwisch, proline echo is actual surprising, it is aswell actual important for the compassionate of abounding of the built-in protein anatomy and function, such as mucin (mucins), anti- arctic protein (antifreeze proteins), amyloid protein, the prion protein (Prion protein).

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FMOC-L-phenylalanine function

FMOC-L-phenylalanine is a affectionate of alpha-amino acids, optical isomers accepting the biological action of L-phenylalanine (L-Phenylalanine) Specific circling -35.1 °. Phenylalanine is one of the capital amino acids, is white clear or apparent crumb solid at allowance temperature, exhaustion sublimation, acrid in water, baffling in methanol, ethanol, ethyl ether. Phenylalanine is broadly acclimated for the capital raw actual for biologic and aspartame. L-phenylalanine in vivo may be coenzyme tetrahydrobiopterin is irreversibly adapted to L-tyrosine (L-Tyrosine), abide afterwards atomization Transfected amino accumulation to accomplish a baby bulk of phenylketonuria, complete phenylpropyl acerbic hydroxylase absence patients, phenylalanine can not hydroxylation bearing tyrosine phenylketonuria accomplish added phenylketonuria, claret and urine, arch to brainy amentia alleged phenylketonuria (PKU ), such patients should not eat the aliment of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine amino acids accepting continuity, and the acid-base reaction, generates an centralized salt, an amino group, and 2,4 - dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB) nitrite, a halogenated hydrocarbon reaction, the ester-forming carboxyl group, acerbic anhydride, amide reactions. Phenylalanine can be produced by the acknowledgment with ninhydrin was dejected to amethyst substance. Amalgam Preparation of a low crop of phenylalanine, is usually extracted from accustomed products. Defatted soybean afterwards hydrolysis with hydrochloric acerbic to abolish the acerb amino acid, adsorption with activated charcoal or acerbic adhesive phenylalanine and tyrosine. Then, the bread-and-butter acclimated to phenylalanine dissolution, separation. The adjustment may aswell be acclimated in the aboriginal hydrolyzate phenylalanine into 2,5 - dibromobenzene sulfonates, and again use the aberration in solubility, afar from amino acids such as leucine, arginine.

FMOC-L-phenylalanine is a physiological action of ambrosial amino acids, is one of the capital amino acids in bodies and animals can not await on their own accustomed amalgam is an important basic of the circuitous with amino acerbic infusion; acclimated in medicine, ampicillin styrene-acrylic, A acerbic acrid bump prime amino acids such as anti-cancer biologic intermediates, raw actual assembly of adrenaline, thyroxine and melanin; Studies accept apparent that L-phenylalanine can be acclimated as the carrier of anti-cancer drugs biologic molecules anon into the annihilative bump area, its aftereffect is addition amino acerbic of 3 to 5 times. So that both can arrest annihilative bump growth, but aswell can abate the ancillary furnishings of drugs. Acclimated in food, can be added to broiled goods, to enhance the comestible role of phenylalanine, with sugars, amino - carboxylation acknowledgment articles in grocery aliment to advance the flavor, and added anatomic aliment bare by the physique amino acerbic balance; The capital raw actual for the assembly of new bloom aspartame aspartame. Aspartame is articular by the World Bloom Organization (WHO), FAO (FAO), the Joint Committee of experts (1) chic A assurance of aliment additives, there are added than 120 national, bounded government accustomed for use with authentic sweetness, acidity characteristics, its acidity is 200 times that of sucrose, the calorific amount of beneath than one percent Second, the best sweeteners of top claret pressure, affection disease, diabetes, phenylketonuria patients unfit for animal consumption. Take the artefact of about 0.13 g, accurately advised anhydrous formic acerbic attenuated in 3ml, 50 ml of arctic acerb acid, according to potentiometric titration (Appendix VII A), titration with perchloric acerbic titration band-aid (0.1 mol / L), and titration of the bare analysis correction. Per 1ml of perchloric acerbic band-aid (0.1 mol / L) is agnate to 16.52mg of C9H11NO2.

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