What is Sodium polyphosphate?

Sodium polyphosphate are used as an acidity regulator, emulsifier, humectant, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener. It is coded as E452 (i) by the European Union. Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium tetrapolyphosphate and Sodium Hexametaphosphate are all sodium polyphosphates. It is used in detergent and in toothpaste manufacturing, ceramic manufacturing and cosmetics. It is used in breakfast cereals, ice cream, ice milk, bottled beverages, reconstituted lemon juice, puddings, processed cheeses, artificially sweetened jellies, meat, poultry, sea foods, and pet foods. It is a skin irritant and causes kidney damage.
Polyphosphates have the ability to sequester calcium and it may form calcium phosphate so it poses some risk to people with kidney stones. Sodium metaphosphate leads to growth retardation in rats.  It is used as an oral care agent. Sodium polyphosphates induce kidney damage and act as a skin irritant. Irritation is a function of concentration. It leads to the enlargement of parathyroid glands*. It may cause gastrointestinal tract irritation and may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. High concentrations of phosphates may disturb several metabolic processes as phosphate plays an important role in general metabolism.
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