The Rat Insulin ELISA was re-optimized and improved during 2010. Impairment in insulin secretion and/or downstream signaling results in the deregulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, a hallmark of diabetes. An increase or decrease in the level of insulin is pathophysiologically linked with type 2 or type 1 diabetes. The kit is still based on the same highly specific monoclonal antibodies with insignificant or no cross-reactivity to C-peptide or proinsulin.
Apart from glucose homeostasis, the hormone has growth-stimulating effects and has been directly and/or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as poly cystic ovary disease (PCOD), obesity, atherosclerosis, prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, and cancer.
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone with molecular weight of 6 kDa, composed of two peptides chains, A and B, cross-linked by two disulfide bonds and synthesized by the β cells of the islets of Langherans of the pancreas. It plays a critical role in several physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation, aging, reproduction and growth (1, 3). Insulin influences most of the metabolic functions of the body.
To investigate the physiological role of insulin and its involvement in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the estimation of insulin level is required. Its best known action is to lower the blood glucose concentration by increasing the rate at which glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and muscle, and to fat in adipose tissue, by stimulating the rate of glucose metabolism, and by depressing gluconeogenesis.
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